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Impact of increased solar output is the focus of a new global warming study

• Geothermal (or ground-source) heat pumps forego the cooling tower/boiler combination and instead use water circulated to and from the earth to provide heat exchange, which results in a more environment-friendly system.
• Typical water-source heat pump systems circulate water through cooling towers or boilers to provide a constant-temperature heat source or heat sink for their operation.
• The compressor provides energy to circulate the vapor phase refrigerant and to raise its pressure and temperature so it can condense to a high-temperature, and high-pressure liquid as it flows through the second component, the condenser.
• The condenser is a heat exchanger (a coil) through which high-temperature refrigerant flows and transfers its heat to the heat sink.
• The TXV meters the refrigerant flow to match the load and throttles the flow, which reduces the liquid refrigerant's temperature and pressure while holding its energy content --- its enthalpy -- constant.
• A heat pump includes a fifth component that allows refrigerant to flow in the opposite direction, thereby allowing the condenser to function as an evaporator and the evaporator as a condenser.
• Avoid confusion when discussing heat pumps by replacing the terms evaporator and condenser with indoor coil (the coil that transfers energy between the refrigerant and the conditioned space) and outdoor coil (the coil that transfers energy between the refrigerant and the environment).
• In a GCHP system, heat is transferred to and from the ground through a sub-surface network of piping, which acts as a heat exchanger.
• The goal is to make the temperature of the water circulating within those pipes approach the relatively stable temperature of the soil at depth.
• * Lower excavation cost, as the site is likely to be partially excavated as part of the normal construction process.
• Design considerations Of the systems discussed (vertical GCHP, horizontal GCHP and GWHP), the ground water option provides the largest capacity.

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